Q (sonnet): what other genes are altered in kras mutant crc or luad

▶ list_guides
{}

◀ result
{"result":[{"uri":"cbioportal://mutation-frequency-guide","description":"Comprehensive guide for calculating gene mutation frequencies with gene-specific profiling denominators"},{"uri":"cbioportal://clinical-data-guide","description":"Guide for querying clinical data including patient vs sample level considerations"},{"uri":"cbioportal://sample-filtering-guide","description":"Guide for filtering samples and studies in cBioPortal queries"},{"uri":"cbioportal://common-pitfalls","description":"Guide to avoid common mistakes when querying cBioPortal data. If you already know which numbered pitfall applies, fetch just that section via read_guide(\"cbioportal://common-pitfalls#<number>\") (e.g. #16) instead of the full guide"},{"uri":"cbioportal://treatment-guide","description":"Guide for querying treatment/clinical event data including drug agents, timelines, and linking to genomic data"},{"uri":"cbioportal://faq-guide","description":"General cBioPortal FAQ: history, how to cite, data types, reference genome, abbreviations, GISTIC thresholds, API access"},{"uri":"cbioportal://statistical-tests-guide","description":"Statistical test selection guide — decision matrix for choosing Fisher's exact, Wilcoxon, chi-squared, t-test, ANOVA, etc. based on data type and group count"},{"uri":"cbioportal://gene-expression-guide","description":"Gene expression / copy-number / methylation analysis. Covers genetic_alteration_derived, profile_type discovery, and the gene_pair_coexpression view for Spearman correlation between two genes"},{"uri":"cbioportal://external-resources-guide","description":"Guide for finding external linked resources such as imaging, pathology, Minerva, HTAN, or other resource_* table links before declaring data unavailable"},{"uri":"cbioportal://gene-resolution-guide","description":"Guide for resolving ambiguous gene symbols, aliases, gene families, and shorthand such as CD3 before querying expression or alteration data"},{"uri":"cbioportal://study-resolution-guide","description":"Guide for resolving requested studies, avoiding silent substitute cohorts, and redirecting to known external cBioPortal instances when data is not in this deployment"},{"uri":"cbioportal://germline-guide","description":"Guide for querying germline variant data — storage columns, study discovery, query patterns, and somatic vs germline considerations"},{"uri":"cbioportal://study-guide/{study_id}","description":"Dynamic study-specific guide - use get_study_guide(study_id) tool to generate"}]}

▶ search_oncotree
{
 "search_term": "colorectal adenocarcinoma"
}

▶ search_oncotree
{
 "search_term": "lung adenocarcinoma"
}

◀ result
{"result":[{"code":"COADREAD","name":"Colorectal Adenocarcinoma","score":80,"mainType":"Colorectal Cancer","tissue":"Bowel","hierarchy":"BOWEL > COADREAD"},{"code":"CAIS","name":"Colon Adenocarcinoma In Situ","score":55,"mainType":"Colorectal Cancer","tissue":"Bowel","hierarchy":"BOWEL > COADREAD > CAIS"},{"code":"COAD","name":"Colon Adenocarcinoma","score":55,"mainType":"Colorectal Cancer","tissue":"Bowel","hierarchy":"BOWEL > COADREAD > COAD"},{"code":"MACR","name":"Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum","score":55,"mainType":"Colorectal Cancer","tissue":"Bowel","hierarchy":"BOWEL > COADREAD > MACR"},{"code":"READ","name":"Rectal Adenocarcinoma","score":55,"mainType":"Colorectal Cancer","tissue":"Bowel","hierarchy":"BOWEL > COADREAD > READ"},{"code":"SRCCR","name":"Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum","score":55,"mainType":"Colorectal Cancer","tissue":"Bowel","hierarchy":"BOWEL > COADREAD > SRCCR"}]}

◀ result
{"result":[{"code":"LUAD","name":"Lung Adenocarcinoma","score":80,"mainType":"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","tissue":"Lung","hierarchy":"LUNG > NSCLC > LUAD"},{"code":"LAIS","name":"Lung Adenocarcinoma In Situ","score":60,"mainType":"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","tissue":"Lung","hierarchy":"LUNG > LAIS"}]}

▶ read_guide
{
 "uri": "cbioportal://mutation-frequency-guide"
}

▶ list_studies
{
 "search": "colorectal pan_can_atlas"
}

◀ result
# Mutation Frequency Analysis Guide

## IMPORTANT: Reporting Mutation Frequencies
- **ALWAYS report frequencies as percentages**, not raw counts: `frequency = (altered_samples / total_profiled_samples) × 100`
- For quick frequency lookups, **prefer the TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas study first**, then offer to expand to other studies
- When reporting across multiple studies, show **ranges** (e.g., "TP53 is mutated in 30–60% of samples") rather than a single average
- **NEVER** sum mutation events across studies to compute an aggregate frequency — this can exceed 100% due to double-counting
- Warn users that samples may overlap across cohorts (e.g., MSK studies may share patients)
- **Choose and state the counting unit**: use patient-level frequencies for prevalence/rate questions unless the user explicitly asks for samples; use sample-level frequencies when the user asks about samples.
- **For "across cancer types" questions**, jump to the [Cross-Cancer-Type Mutation Frequency](#cross-cancer-type-mutation-frequency) section below — there is one correct recipe and several common wrong ones.

## Counting Unit: Samples vs Patients

Before answering any mutation count or frequency question, decide whether the unit is samples or patients and state that choice in the answer.

| User wording | Counting unit |
|--------------|---------------|
| "prevalence", "rate", "fraction of patients", "patients with", "how common is" | Patient-level: `COUNT(DISTINCT patient_unique_id)` |
| "samples", "specimens", "biopsies", sample-level cohort composition | Sample-level: `COUNT(DISTINCT sample_unique_id)` |
| Ambiguous | Ask, or default to patient-level for prevalence/rate language and say so |

### Cross-study sample-count caveat

When an answer touches more than one study and reports a sample count, prepend a one-line caveat:

> Sample IDs are unique within cBioPortal study prefixes, not guaranteed biological-sample identifiers across studies; overlapping cohorts can count the same patient/sample more than once.

Prefer one of these safer approaches:

- Use a shipped `cancer_study_query_preferences` cohort such as `pan_cancer_tcga` or `all_studies_non_redundant`.
- Restrict to one named study.
- Aggregate by `patient_unique_id` when the biological question is patient prevalence.

## STOP rule: a frequency above 100% means your query is wrong

If your query returns a frequency over 100%, **do not try to debug or explain the data inconsistency to the user**. The cause is always one of these query bugs:

- Summing mutation events instead of `COUNT(DISTINCT sample_unique_id)` for the numerator
- Using a study-wide sample count as the denominator instead of the gene-specific profiled count
- Cross-study aggregation where the same biological sample appears under multiple `sample_unique_id` values (e.g., MSK-IMPACT and MSK-CHORD share patients)
- **Joining the profiled CTE through `gene_panel` / `gene_panel_list` without a WES branch.** `gene_panel_id = 'WES'` is *not* a row in … (35166 more chars)

▶ list_studies
{
 "search": "lung adenocarcinoma pan_can_atlas"
}

◀ result
{"result":[{"cancer_study_identifier":"coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018","name":"Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas)","type_of_cancer_id":"coadread","sample_count":594,"has_guide":true,"url":"https://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018"}]}

◀ result
{"result":[{"cancer_study_identifier":"luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018","name":"Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas)","type_of_cancer_id":"luad","sample_count":566,"has_guide":true,"url":"https://www.cbioportal.org/study/summary?id=luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018"}]}

▶ clickhouse_run_select_query
{
 "query": "SELECT * FROM co_altered_genes_in_study(study = 'coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018', gene = 'KRAS', top_n = 20)"
}

▶ clickhouse_run_select_query
{
 "query": "SELECT * FROM co_altered_genes_in_study(study = 'luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018', gene = 'KRAS', top_n = 20)"
}

◀ result
{"rows":[{"hugo_gene_symbol":"APC","mutant_altered":182,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":83.5,"wildtype_altered":205,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":64.9,"pct_difference":18.6},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"PIK3CA","mutant_altered":83,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":38.1,"wildtype_altered":64,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":20.3,"pct_difference":17.8},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"BRAF","mutant_altered":6,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":2.8,"wildtype_altered":56,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":17.7,"pct_difference":-14.9},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"COL7A1","mutant_altered":7,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":3.2,"wildtype_altered":40,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":12.7,"pct_difference":-9.5},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"PCBP1","mutant_altered":20,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":9.2,"wildtype_altered":5,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":1.6,"pct_difference":7.6},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"ABCA13","mutant_altered":22,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":10.1,"wildtype_altered":55,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":17.4,"pct_difference":-7.3},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"DOCK3","mutant_altered":11,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":5,"wildtype_altered":38,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":12,"pct_difference":-7},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"YLPM1","mutant_altered":6,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":2.8,"wildtype_altered":31,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":9.8,"pct_difference":-7},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"ZNF469","mutant_altered":11,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":5,"wildtype_altered":38,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":12,"pct_difference":-7},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"CHD7","mutant_altered":7,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":3.2,"wildtype_altered":32,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":10.1,"pct_difference":-6.9},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"ARID1A","mutant_altered":15,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":6.9,"wildtype_altered":43,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":13.6,"pct_difference":-6.7},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"CELSR2","mutant_altered":6,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":2.8,"wildtype_altered":30,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":9.5,"pct_difference":-6.7},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"NRAS","mutant_altered":5,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":2.3,"wildtype_altered":28,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":8.9,"pct_difference":-6.6},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"TMPRSS15","mutant_altered":19,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":8.7,"wildtype_altered":7,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":2.2,"pct_difference":6.5},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"DNAH1","mutant_altered":14,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":6.4,"wildtype_altered":40,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":12.7,"pct_difference":-6.3},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"SCN3A","mutant_altered":9,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":4.1,"wildtype_altered":33,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":10.4,"pct_difference":-6.3},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"CACNA1F","mutant_altered":4,"mutant_profiled":218,"mutant_pct":1.8,"wildtype_altered":25,"wildtype_profiled":316,"wildtype_pct":7.9,"pct_difference":-6.1},{"hugo_gene_symbol" … (505 more chars)

◀ result
{"rows":[{"hugo_gene_symbol":"TP53","mutant_altered":62,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":36.9,"wildtype_altered":233,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":58.5,"pct_difference":-21.6},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"EGFR","mutant_altered":1,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":0.6,"wildtype_altered":69,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":17.3,"pct_difference":-16.7},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"STK11","mutant_altered":38,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":22.6,"wildtype_altered":37,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":9.3,"pct_difference":13.3},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"ATM","mutant_altered":28,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":16.7,"wildtype_altered":19,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":4.8,"pct_difference":11.9},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"MUC16","mutant_altered":84,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":50,"wildtype_altered":158,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":39.7,"pct_difference":10.3},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"NF1","mutant_altered":8,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":4.8,"wildtype_altered":58,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":14.6,"pct_difference":-9.8},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"CSMD1","mutant_altered":48,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":28.6,"wildtype_altered":77,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":19.3,"pct_difference":9.3},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"CNTNAP2","mutant_altered":32,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":19,"wildtype_altered":39,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":9.8,"pct_difference":9.2},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"RIMS2","mutant_altered":32,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":19,"wildtype_altered":40,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":10.1,"pct_difference":8.9},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"LRP1B","mutant_altered":69,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":41.1,"wildtype_altered":132,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":33.2,"pct_difference":7.9},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"LRRC7","mutant_altered":34,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":20.2,"wildtype_altered":49,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":12.3,"pct_difference":7.9},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"TNR","mutant_altered":19,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":11.3,"wildtype_altered":76,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":19.1,"pct_difference":-7.8},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"BRAF","mutant_altered":3,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":1.8,"wildtype_altered":38,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":9.5,"pct_difference":-7.7},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"RP1L1","mutant_altered":37,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":22,"wildtype_altered":60,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":15.1,"pct_difference":6.9},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"ZFHX4","mutant_altered":63,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":37.5,"wildtype_altered":122,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":30.7,"pct_difference":6.8},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"HECTD4","mutant_altered":18,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":10.7,"wildtype_altered":16,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":4,"pct_difference":6.7},{"hugo_gene_symbol":"KMT2C","mutant_altered":15,"mutant_profiled":168,"mutant_pct":8.9,"wildtype_altered":62,"wildtype_profiled":398,"wildtype_pct":15.6,"pct_difference":-6.7},{"hugo_gene_ … (513 more chars)

▶ resolve_and_route
{
 "studyIds": [
  "coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018",
  "luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018"
 ]
}

◀ result
{"success":true,"message":"Found 2 matching studies. Pick the best match (prefer TCGA → prefer PanCancer Atlas), use its metadata to call the appropriate navigation tool(s) and generate URLs immediately. Present other studies as alternatives.","data":{"totalCount":2,"studiesWithMetadata":[{"studyId":"coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018","name":"Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas)","sampleCount":594,"studyViewUrl":"https://www.cbioportal.org/study?id=coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018","metadata":{"clinicalAttributeIds":["AGE","AJCC_PATHOLOGIC_TUMOR_STAGE","AJCC_STAGING_EDITION","ANEUPLOIDY_SCORE","BUFFA_HYPOXIA_SCORE","CANCER_TYPE","CANCER_TYPE_ACRONYM","CANCER_TYPE_DETAILED","DAYS_LAST_FOLLOWUP","DAYS_TO_BIRTH","DAYS_TO_INITIAL_PATHOLOGIC_DIAGNOSIS","DFS_MONTHS","DFS_STATUS","DSS_MONTHS","DSS_STATUS","ETHNICITY","FORM_COMPLETION_DATE","FRACTION_GENOME_ALTERED","GENETIC_ANCESTRY_LABEL","GRADE","HISTORY_NEOADJUVANT_TRTYN","ICD_10","ICD_O_3_HISTOLOGY","ICD_O_3_SITE","INFORMED_CONSENT_VERIFIED","IN_PANCANPATHWAYS_FREEZE","MSI_SCORE_MANTIS","MSI_SENSOR_SCORE","MUTATION_COUNT","NEW_TUMOR_EVENT_AFTER_INITIAL_TREATMENT","ONCOTREE_CODE","OS_MONTHS","OS_STATUS","OTHER_PATIENT_ID","PATH_M_STAGE","PATH_N_STAGE","PATH_T_STAGE","PERSON_NEOPLASM_CANCER_STATUS","PFS_MONTHS","PFS_STATUS","PRIMARY_LYMPH_NODE_PRESENTATION_ASSESSMENT","PRIOR_DX","RACE","RADIATION_THERAPY","RAGNUM_HYPOXIA_SCORE","SAMPLE_COUNT","SAMPLE_TYPE","SEX","SOMATIC_STATUS","SUBTYPE","TBL_SCORE","TISSUE_PROSPECTIVE_COLLECTION_INDICATOR","TISSUE_RETROSPECTIVE_COLLECTION_INDICATOR","TISSUE_SOURCE_SITE","TISSUE_SOURCE_SITE_CODE","TMB_NONSYNONYMOUS","TUMOR_TISSUE_SITE","TUMOR_TYPE","WEIGHT","WINTER_HYPOXIA_SCORE"],"molecularProfileIds":["coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_gistic","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_log2CNA","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_mutations","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_protein_quantification","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_protein_quantification_zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rna_seq_v2_mrna","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rna_seq_v2_mrna_median_Zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rna_seq_v2_mrna_median_all_sample_Zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rna_seq_v2_mrna_median_all_sample_ref_normal_Zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rppa","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rppa_Zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_structural_variants"],"genericAssayProfiles":["coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_armlevel_cna","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_genetic_ancestry","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_methylation_hm27_hm450_merge","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_methylation_hm450"],"heatmapProfileIds":["coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_protein_quantification_zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rna_seq_v2_mrna_median_Zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rna_seq_v2_mrna_median_all_sample_Zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rna_seq_v2_mrna_median_all_sample_ref_normal_Zscores","coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_rp … (2852 more chars)

▶ navigate_to_results_view
{
 "studyIds": [
  "coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018"
 ],
 "genes": [
  "KRAS: MUT"
 ],
 "tab": "comparison/alterations",
 "profileFilter": "mutations"
}

◀ result
{"success":true,"message":"Navigating to https://www.cbioportal.org/results/comparison/alterations?cancer_study_list=coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018&gene_list=KRAS%3A+MUT&case_set_id=coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_all&profileFilter=mutations","url":"https://www.cbioportal.org/results/comparison/alterations?cancer_study_list=coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018&gene_list=KRAS%3A+MUT&case_set_id=coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_all&profileFilter=mutations","data":{"studyIds":["coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018"],"studies":[{"studyId":"coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018","name":"Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas)","sampleCount":594}],"genes":["KRAS"],"caseSetId":"coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_all","pageDescription":"Comparison of rate of genomic alterations (mutations, CNA, structural variants) in all genes compared across groups defined by query genes."}}

▶ navigate_to_results_view
{
 "studyIds": [
  "luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018"
 ],
 "genes": [
  "KRAS: MUT"
 ],
 "tab": "comparison/alterations",
 "profileFilter": "mutations"
}

◀ result
{"success":true,"message":"Navigating to https://www.cbioportal.org/results/comparison/alterations?cancer_study_list=luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018&gene_list=KRAS%3A+MUT&case_set_id=luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_all&profileFilter=mutations","url":"https://www.cbioportal.org/results/comparison/alterations?cancer_study_list=luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018&gene_list=KRAS%3A+MUT&case_set_id=luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_all&profileFilter=mutations","data":{"studyIds":["luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018"],"studies":[{"studyId":"luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018","name":"Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas)","sampleCount":566}],"genes":["KRAS"],"caseSetId":"luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_all","pageDescription":"Comparison of rate of genomic alterations (mutations, CNA, structural variants) in all genes compared across groups defined by query genes."}}

═ answer (success)
## What else is altered in KRAS-mutant tumors?

Both cohorts: TCGA PanCancer Atlas, mutation-only (no CNA/SV), ranked by the difference in mutation frequency between KRAS-mutant and KRAS-wild-type samples (not raw frequency alone, since large passenger genes like TTN/MUC16 are common in both groups).

### Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (COADREAD, 218 KRAS-mutant / 316 WT samples)

| Gene | KRAS-mutant % | KRAS-WT % | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| **APC** | 83.5% (182/218) | 64.9% (205/316) | +18.6 |
| **PIK3CA** | 38.1% (83/218) | 20.3% (64/316) | +17.8 |
| **BRAF** | 2.8% (6/218) | 17.7% (56/316) | −14.9 |
| COL7A1 | 3.2% | 12.7% | −9.5 |
| PCBP1 | 9.2% | 1.6% | +7.6 |
| ABCA13 | 10.1% | 17.4% | −7.3 |
| NRAS | 2.3% | 8.9% | −6.6 |
| AMER1 | 16.1% | 10.1% | +6.0 |

**Key pattern:** APC and PIK3CA co-occur more frequently with KRAS mutation; BRAF and NRAS mutations are strongly mutually exclusive with KRAS (as expected — these are alternative RAS-pathway drivers).

### Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD, 168 KRAS-mutant / 398 WT samples)

| Gene | KRAS-mutant % | KRAS-WT % | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| STK11 | 22.6% (38/168) | 9.3% (37/398) | +13.3 |
| ATM | 16.7% (28/168) | 4.8% (19/398) | +11.9 |
| MUC16 | 50.0% (84/168) | 39.7% (158/398) | +10.3 |
| CSMD1 | 28.6% (48/168) | 19.3% (77/398) | +9.3 |
| **TP53** | 36.9% (62/168) | 58.5% (233/398) | −21.6 |
| **EGFR** | 0.6% (1/168) | 17.3% (69/398) | −16.7 |
| BRAF | 1.8% | 9.5% | −7.7 |

**Key pattern:** STK11 (LKB1) co-mutation is the classic KRAS-mutant LUAD partner (STK11/KRAS co-mutant subtype), along with ATM. EGFR and TP53 mutations are strongly depleted in KRAS-mutant tumors — EGFR/KRAS are essentially mutually exclusive oncogenic drivers.

Both groups use samples profiled for KRAS in each arm; genes mutated in <10 samples total are dropped. These are frequency differences, not statistical significance — use the Mutual Exclusivity tab for Fisher's exact tests.

---

[View KRAS Alterations Comparison — Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas)](https://www.cbioportal.org/results/comparison/alterations?cancer_study_list=coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018&gene_list=KRAS%3A+MUT&case_set_id=coadread_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_all&profileFilter=mutations)

[View KRAS Alterations Comparison — Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA, PanCancer Atlas)](https://www.cbioportal.org/results/comparison/alterations?cancer_study_list=luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018&gene_list=KRAS%3A+MUT&case_set_id=luad_tcga_pan_can_atlas_2018_all&profileFilter=mutations)

Each link opens the Alterations comparison tab (KRAS-mutant vs. KRAS-wildtype groups) with Fisher's exact test statistics for every gene.