Q (haiku): what do idh1 mutations do?

═ answer (success)
I can provide research context about IDH1 mutations in cancer, but this is a general biology question rather than a cBioPortal data query.

## IDH1 Mutations in Cancer

**IDH1** (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) encodes a cytoplasmic enzyme involved in cellular metabolism. In cancer:

1. **Loss of function + gain of abnormal function:** Most IDH1 mutations (especially **R132H**, the most common) are heterozygous and cause:
   - Loss of normal enzymatic activity (reduced α-ketoglutarate production)
   - Gain of new catalytic ability to produce **2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG)**, an "oncomet"

2. **2-HG accumulation** acts as an epigenetic driver:
   - Inhibits α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (TET, JMJC family)
   - Blocks DNA/histone demethylation → hypermethylation phenotype
   - Associated with altered differentiation and cellular transformation

3. **Disease associations:**
   - **Glioma:** IDH1/IDH2 mutations define a molecular subtype with better prognosis than IDH wild-type glioblastoma
   - **Acute myeloid leukemia (AML):** ~7% of AML cases; associated with intermediate prognosis
   - **Cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal, and other cancers:** less frequent

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## If You Want cBioPortal Data

I can query cBioPortal to show you:
- **IDH1 mutation frequency** across specific cancer types or studies
- **Co-mutations:** what other genes are frequently altered alongside IDH1
- **Patient cohorts:** samples with IDH1 mutations you can explore in detail
- **Clinical associations:** if linked to outcome data in a specific study

Would you like me to look up IDH1 mutation data in a specific cancer type or study?